海资曼有限公司1866年至1978年在多伦多成立钢琴制造和零售公司，1978年至1986年在安大略省汉诺威搬迁，更名为Heintzman Ltd。
海资曼有限公司
它是由塞奥多·奥古斯特·海资曼创立的(塞奥多·奥古斯特·海资曼，1817年5月19日生于柏林，1886年入籍加拿大，1899年7月25日逝于多伦多)，他曾在1831年左右的钢琴制造中当过学徒。海资曼在柏林的时间里不仅在做钢琴生意，还学习机械制造、乐器制造商和橱柜制造等，有一个来源甚至声称他为他的家乡建造的第一台机车画了图案。所有这些技能将对未来的钢琴制造者有益。
大约1910年在基尔街和登达斯街上,一辆马车拉的钢琴向北行驶(多伦多交叉口）
由于1848年的政治动乱，海资曼带妻子一家在1850年搬到了纽约。海资曼曾在钢琴制造商Lighte&Newton工作过一段时间。他和亨利·E·施坦威在同一家工厂工作的故事没有得到证实，但这两个分别在加拿大和美国建立最著名钢琴公司的德国人在同一年到达北美是真的。1852年，海资曼从纽约来到布法罗，在基奥钢琴公司工作。随后，他加入了德鲁和安诺斯基的合伙公司。该公司于1854年制造的方形钢琴在1980年仍为海资曼有限公司所有。在布法罗，海资曼与西方钢琴公司有联系，这可能是德鲁，海资曼和安诺斯基的另一个公司，于1857年倒闭。
海资曼留在布法罗，直到内战前的政治动荡，在加拿大钢琴制造商约翰托马斯的邀请，他在1860年搬到多伦多。据说,他当年在多伦多的一个厨房里建造了他的第一架加拿大钢琴，并立即将其出售，同时继续并扩大了他的生意。
然而，1862-5的城市目录列出了海资曼为位于约克街86号的托马斯钢琴公司工作。通常作为公司正式成立日期的年份1860年似乎有理由作为海资曼生产钢琴在多伦多私人建筑里(可能在他位于皇后大道73号的家中)，但该公司直到1866年5月才成立，在海资曼女婿查尔斯本德的财政和管理帮助，女婿是一个富裕的烟草商，(1873年,海资曼公司做广告说，“12年前开始营业"。）海资曼的第一个工厂与他的住所的车间不同，是在杜克街23号开业，但到了1868年5月，搬迁到国王街105号(在那里，他有12个工人，并开始每年生产60多架钢琴)，到了1873年，他搬迁到115-17号，在那里有工厂、办公室和销售室， 那一年，该公司生产了八款方型钢琴和一架最昂贵的"橱柜"大钢琴。
1876年，这家年轻的公司在费城百年纪念展上赢得了奖项，到1879年，它已经制造了近1000件乐器。在那一年,海资曼钢琴也首次在多伦多工业展览会上展出。到1884年，已经制造了近2000架钢琴，1888年在多伦多交界区新建了一家工厂。国王街房地保留为销售室和仓库，因此产量从19世纪80年代的每年500架钢琴增加到19世纪90年代的约1000架，并于1906年增加到2140架。海资曼公司商标，是1888年收购的。
不同于他的一些竞争对手，海资曼的目标是高质量而不是低成本的钢琴。他从开始就建立并保持了很高的声誉，三角钢琴大约在1886年推出，两年后，维多利亚女王在伦敦的阿尔伯特大厅展示了一架大钢琴，赢得了国王的赞扬，从而为出口贸易铺平了道路。
早在1867年,海资曼就把它的乐器宣传为"全格拉夫酒吧钢琴"，指的是横跨铸铁框架的横向金属桥，它有助于防止琴弦滑动，使音调更加平衡。格拉夫于1809年由巴黎的塞巴斯蒂安·埃拉在巴黎推出，但海资曼取得了一些改进，在1873年、1882年和1896年获得了加拿大的专利。
他的儿子乔治·海资曼(1860-1944年)，自1885年起担任校长兼总经理，尽管其他儿子赫尔曼(1852-1969)、威廉(1856-?）和查尔斯·西奥多(1864-1897)-都加入了家族事业。在乔治·海资曼的早期，第一批经销店开始运作，并于1905年推出了一架“四分之一三角”钢琴(1.7米)。
位于多伦多央街195号的销售和办公总部在1971年之前一直是公司的主要场所，1911年1月开始使用，当时包括办公室人员和推销员在内的员工人数约为400人。除了主要生产线，还生产自动钢琴（三角钢琴和立式钢琴、手动钢琴和电动钢琴），直到20世纪20年代。在第一次世界大战期间业务暂时下降后，需求在20世纪20年代急剧回升。在那个十年初，每年大约售出3000架海资钢琴。从东海岸到西海岸，共有18家分店和13家分销商，出口贸易额巨大。1927年，两家相互竞争的公司的负责人退休后被收购：西奥多·奥古斯特的侄子格哈德·海因茨曼的公司和诺德海默钢琴与音乐公司。
然而，经济大萧条对钢琴销售的影响是严重的，1934年只生产了200架海资曼钢琴。为了扩大其业务，该公司在其所有分公司销售了乐谱、留声机和唱片、哈蒙德风琴和其他乐器，并最终销售了非音乐家用电器。乔治·海资曼担任总裁期间，共有7个分支机构和40家代理机构，但钢琴占销售额不到一半，在1950年代初平均每年销售约900架。
1956年爱德华。贝克是加拿大酿酒有限公司的前主计长，被任命为总裁，第一位非家族成员。然而，海资曼的曾孙赫尔曼·海资曼(生于多伦多,1929年-1969年)在公司拥有控股权，曾任副总裁，其他家族成员则继续担任要职：布拉德福德·克雷格·海资曼到1968年一直担任销售经理，威廉·海资曼在1964年之前一直担任工厂经理。在1950年代后半期，钢琴的年产量约为1000架。贝克放弃了副业(如乐谱和高保真设备)，并将业务恢复到原来的范围，注重钢琴的制造和销售，尽管电子琴的销售仍在继续。贝克将分支机构的数量从9个增加到16个，并引入了更积极的销售方式。1960年的产量约为1450架立式钢琴和50架三角钢琴。
1962年，在汉诺威建造了一座最新的工厂（应是20世纪加拿大建造的第一座工厂，但更有可能是第一次世界大战后的第一座工厂），取代了多伦多联合工厂，尽管三角钢琴的建造一直持续到1977年在唐·米尔斯（多伦多）的工厂进行，直到1978年才搬到汉诺威。汉诺威工厂于1967年扩建，使其年产能达到5000架钢琴。海资曼于1973年收购了D.M.Best有限公司，并继续将其作为子公司运营。
贝克一直担任总裁直到1969年；经过一段时间的诉讼，安·海资曼（1969年去世的前副总统赫尔曼的遗孀）成为总裁。与此同时，威廉·海资曼的另一个曾孙成为了夏洛克·曼宁钢琴公司的总裁，1978年，在威廉的领导下，海资曼和夏洛克·曼宁宣布合并，采用了海资曼有限公司的名称，总部搬到了安大略省汉诺威市。(1971年成为公司总部的唐·米尔斯工厂于1976年出售，但公司总部一直设在唐·米尔斯，直到1978年。) 新公司继续以这两个名字生产乐器，其中海资曼三角钢琴是最顶级的。所有分店都在1976年出售，但一些经销商保留了该公司的代理商名称。
音乐出版一直是该公司的一项边缘活动，基于从诺德海默手中接管的版权（例如，帕德雷夫斯基的《Minuet》的加拿大版、一些中医分级考试书籍和W.O.福赛斯的几篇文章）。海资曼公司的华尔兹是由J.B.Glionna于1899年以笔名创作的；还有H.Zickel的《Heintzman&Co.March》（无日期）和S.Minnes的《March》（没有日期）。
海资曼钢琴公司乐队在19世纪80年代和90年代很活跃。在赫伯特·克拉克的指导下，到1892年，还有40到45名球员，在夏夜在汉兰角（多伦多群岛之一）打球，并于1891年9月参观了蒙特利尔博览会。
可以合理地假设海资曼钢琴的序列号从1000开始。以下是一些基准数字：:
1867 .......... 1150
1870 .......... 1400
1880 .......... 2310
1890 .......... 7510
1900 ......... 15,700
1910 ......... 35,600
1920 ......... 61,700
1930 ......... 83,200
1940 ......... 86,300
1950 ......... 93,060
1980年，海资曼三角钢琴的编号为200000系列，立式钢琴的编号则为165700系列。立式钢琴的生产于1979年停止，但后来又恢复了。
除了杜尔-海特兹曼和Annowski乐器和该公司拥有的1874年样品外，早期的海资曼钢琴还可以在卡尔加里的Glenbow阿尔伯塔研究所和萨斯喀彻温州约克顿的西部发展博物馆看到。海资曼家族的成员（其第五代一直直接参与该公司直到1981年）一直积极鼓励和支持多伦多的音乐组织和活动以及与商业相关的组织。1979年5月，加拿大历史遗址和纪念碑委员会在多伦多邦德街第一路德教会为塞奥多·海资曼树立了一块纪念牌匾。
1981年1月，海资曼有限公司由家族出售给安大略省汉诺威市的Sklar-Peppler股份有限公司，并由Sklar-Poppler以海资曼公司的名义作为子公司运营；它重新设计、缩放和重新设计了立式钢琴和三角钢琴，到1985年，每年生产750架立式钢琴和40-50架三角钢琴。1986年，总部位于奥克维尔的特许经营音乐零售连锁店The Music Stand从保留汉诺威工厂财产的Sklar-Peppler手中购买了海资曼有限公司的专利和商标，以及其销售的剩余库存。然而，1990年，一名联邦法院法官裁定，该公司不能将Heintzman铭牌放在韩国和美国制造的钢琴上，这些钢琴是该公司进口到加拿大销售的。
原文如下：
Heintzman & Co. Ltd.
Heintzman & Co. Ltd. Piano manufacturing and retailing business based in Toronto 1866-1978 and relocated in Hanover, Ont, 1978-86 under the amended name Heintzman Ltd.
Heintzman & Co. Ltd.
It was founded by Theodore August Heintzman (b Theodor August Heintzmann, Berlin, 19 May 1817, naturalized Canadian 1886, d Toronto 25 Jul 1899) who had been apprenticed to the piano-building trade about 1831. It is not likely that Heintzman spent all his Berlin years in the piano trade, for various biographical sketches refer to him as a machinist, an instrument-maker, and a cabinet-maker, and one source even claims that he drew the patterns for the first locomotive built in his native city. All these skills must have been of benefit to the future piano builder.
As a result of the political troubles of 1848 the family of Heintzman's wife went to New York, and the young couple followed in 1850. For some time Heintzman worked for the piano makers Lighte & Newton. The story that he worked in the same factory as Henry E. Steinway is not confirmed, but it is true that the two Germans who were to establish the most famous piano firms in Canada and the USA respectively both arrived in North America in the same year. From New York Heintzman in 1852 went to Buffalo, where he worked for the Keogh Piano Co. He then entered the partnership of Drew, Heintzman & Annowski. A square piano built by this firm ca 1854 was still in the possession of Heintzman Ltd in 1980. In Buffalo Heintzman was associated with the Western Piano Co, which may have been an alternative name for Drew, Heintzman & Annowski and which failed in 1857.
Heintzman stayed in Buffalo until the political unrest preceding the Civil War and an invitation from the Canadian piano builder John Thomas caused him to move to Toronto in 1860. He is said to have built his first Canadian piano that year in a Toronto kitchen, to have sold it immediately, and to have continued and enlarged his business with the proceeds. However, the city directories for 1862-5 list Heintzman as working for the Thomas Piano Co at 86 York St. The year often given as the official founding date of the company - 1860 - appears to be justified as the starting point of Heintzman's private piano building in Toronto (probably at his home at 73 Queen St W), but the company was incorporated only in May 1866, with the financial and managerial help of Heintzman's son-in-law, Charles Bender, a prosperous tobacconist. (In 1873 the firm advertised that it had 'commenced business 12 years ago'.) Heintzman's first factory - as distinct from workshops at his residence - was opened at 23 Duke St, but by May 1868 it had been relocated at 105 King St W (where it soon employed 12 hands and began turning out more than 60 pianos a year), and by 1873 it had moved down the street to 115-17 where there was space for factory, offices, and sales rooms. That year the company offered eight models of square pianos and one upright or 'cabinet' grand, its most expensive piano. Bender retired in 1875 and died two years later, but the enterprise continued to grow. (A grandson of Bender and a great-grandson of Heintzman, Charles Bender, b 1899, was to be general manager of the company until the mid-1950s.)
In 1876 the young company won awards at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, and by 1879 it had built nearly 1000 instruments. In that year, too, Heintzman exhibited for the first time at the Toronto Industrial Exhibition (CNE). By 1884 nearly 2000 pianos had been manufactured, and in 1888 a new factory was built in the Junction district of Toronto. The King St premises were retained as sales rooms and warehouse. As a result, production was able to rise from an annual 500 pianos during the 1880s to about 1000 in the 1890s and 2140 in 1906. The trade mark 'Heintzman & Co'. was acquired in 1888.
Unlike some of his competitors Heintzman aimed at high-quality rather than low-cost instruments. He was able to establish and maintain a high reputation from the beginning. Grand pianos were introduced about 1886, and two years later one was demonstrated before Queen Victoria at Albert Hall in London, winning the monarch's praise and thus helping to pave the way for an export trade. As early as 1867 Heintzman advertised its instruments as 'full Agraffe Bar Pianos,' referring to a transverse metal bridge across the cast-iron frame which helps to keep the strings from slipping and makes the tone more even. The agraffe had been introduced in 1809 by Sebastien Erard in Paris, but Heintzman effected some improvements, obtaining Canadian patents in 1873, 1882, and 1896.
After the founder's death in 1899 his son George C. Heintzman (1860-1944), who had been superintendent and general manager since 1885, became president, although other sons - Herman (1852-?), William F. (1856-?), and Charles Theodore (1864-97) - all joined the family business. Early in the years of George C. Heintzman's presidency the first branches were opened, and a 'quarter-grand' piano (1.7 m) was introduced in 1905. The sales and office headquarters at 195 Yonge St, Toronto, which were to remain the nerve centre of the firm until 1971, were occupied in January 1911, at which time the staff, including office personnel and travelling salesmen, numbered about 400. Besides its main lines, Heintzman manufactured player-pianos (grand and upright, manual and electric) until the 1920s. After the temporary drop in business during World War I demand returned sharply in the 1920s. At the beginning of that decade about 3000 Heintzman pianos were sold annually. There were 18 branch stores and 13 distributors, from coast to coast, and the export trade was significant. Two competing companies were acquired when their heads retired in 1927: that of Theodore August's nephew Gerhard Heintzman, and the Nordheimer Piano & Music Co.
The effects of the Depression on piano sales, however, were severe; only 200 Heintzman pianos were built in 1934. To broaden the base of its operations the company introduced the sale of sheet music, phonographs and records, Hammond organs, and other instruments - and eventually non-musical household appliances - in all its branches. Under the presidency 1942-56 of George C. Heintzman's son George Bradford (1892-1961) there were 7 branches and 40 agencies, but pianos accounted for less than half of the sales, averaging about 900 annually at the beginning of the 1950s.
In 1956 Edward L. Baker, a former comptroller of Canadian Breweries Ltd, was appointed president, the first not to be a member of the family. However, Herman Heintzman (b Toronto 1922, d 1969), a great-grandson of Theodore, owned a controlling interest in the company and was a vice-president, and other family members continued to occupy key positions: Bradford Craig Heintzman was sales manager until 1968, and William D. Heintzman (b Toronto 17 May 1923, d Toronto 16 Nov 2008) was factory manager until 1964. In the latter half of the 1950s the annual production of pianos was about 1000. Baker dropped the side lines (such as sheet music and hi-fi equipment) and restored the operations to their original scope, emphasizing the manufacture and sales of pianos, although the sale of electronic organs was continued. Baker increased the number of branches from 9 to 16 and introduced more aggressive sales methods. In 1960 production was about 1450 upright and 50 grand pianos.
In 1962 an up-to-date factory (supposed to be the first built in Canada in the 20th century, but more likely the first after World War I) was built in Hanover, replacing the Toronto Junction plant, although the building of grand pianos continued until 1977 at a Don Mills (Toronto) location, and was moved only in 1978 to Hanover. The Hanover plant was enlarged in 1967, giving it a potential capacity for an annual production of 5000 pianos. Heintzman acquired D.M. Best and Co Ltd in 1973 and continued to operate it as a subsidiary.
Baker remained president until 1969; after a period of litigation Ann Heintzman (widow of the former vice-president, Herman, who had died in 1969) became president. Meanwhile, another great-grandson of the company's founder, William D. Heintzman, had become president of the Sherlock-Manning Piano Co and in 1978 a merger of Heintzman and Sherlock-Manning under William's presidency was announced, the name Heintzman Limited was adopted, and headquarters were moved to Hanover, Ont. (The Don Mills plant, which had become the company's head office in 1971, was sold in 1976, although the head office continued to be located in Don Mills until 1978.) The new company continued to produce instruments under both names, with the Heintzman grand piano the top line. All branch stores were sold in 1976, but some dealerships retained the name as agents of the company.
Music publishing has been a marginal activity of the company, based on copyrights taken over from Nordheimer (eg, the Canadian edition of Paderewski's Minuet, some TCM graded examination books, and a few pieces by W.O. Forsyth). A Heintzman & Co. Waltz was written under a pseudonym by J.B. Glionna in 1899; there is also a Heintzman & Co. March (no date) by H. Zickel, and another (no date) by S. Minnes.
A Heintzman Piano Company Band was active in the 1880s and 1890s. Under the direction of Herbert L. Clarke until 1892, it had 40 to 45 players, played at Hanlan's Point (one of the Toronto Islands) during summer evenings, and visited the Montreal Exposition in September 1891.
It is reasonable to assume that the serial numbers of Heintzman pianos began at 1000. A few benchmark numbers follow:
1867 .......... 1150
1870 .......... 1400
1880 .......... 2310
1890 .......... 7510
1900 ......... 15,700
1910 ......... 35,600
1920 ......... 61,700
1930 ......... 83,200
1940 ......... 86,300
1950 ......... 93,060
In 1980 Heintzman grand pianos were numbered in the 200,000 series, uprights in the 165,700 series. The production of uprights had ceased in 1979, but was resumed later.
Apart from the Drew-Heintzman & Annowski instrument and an 1874 specimen owned by the company, early Heintzmans may be seen at the Glenbow-Alberta Institute in Calgary and at the Western Development Museum, Yorkton, Sask. Members of the Heintzman family (whose fifth generation continued to be involved directly in the company until 1981) have been continuously active in the encouragement and support of musical organizations and activities in Toronto as well as in business-related organizations. In May 1979 the Historical Sites and Monuments Board of Canada erected a memorial plaque to Theodore Heintzman at the First Lutheran Church, Bond St, Toronto.
In January 1981 Heintzman Ltd was sold by the family to Sklar-Peppler Inc. of Hanover, Ont, and was operated by Sklar-Peppler as a subsidiary under the Heintzman Ltd name; it redesigned, rescaled and re-engineered both upright and grand pianos, and by 1985 750 uprights and 40-50 grands were produced annually. In 1986 The Music Stand, an Oakville-based franchise music retail chain, purchased from Sklar-Peppler (who retained the Hanover factory.property) the patents and trademarks of Heintzman Ltd., as well as the remaining inventory, which it marketed. However in 1990 a Federal Court judge ruled that it could not place the Heintzman nameplate on pianos built in South Korea and the USA, which it imported for sale in Canada.
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发表于 2024-8-13 17:19:04
